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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution through natural selection is the defining force of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology and palaeontology. The study of evolution can be controversial and the misinformation that results can cause confusion about the fundamentals of evolution. This Web site helps clarify essential concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are caused by natural selection, which increases the amount of organisms that have traits that are beneficial and help them survive and reproduce in a specific environment. This means that these organisms have more offspring than those that don't possess the beneficial traits. This results in the genetic changes that can eventually lead to the formation of new species. The term “evolution” is usually associated with “survival-of-the best” which implies that individuals who are more adjusted to certain conditions will have a distinct advantage over those who are less well adapted. This is just one of many ways that evolution can occur. Another way of using the word evolution is to suggest that species can change from one state to the next. This view of evolution can be referred to as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. This is not backed by the scientific definition of evolution. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed change is based on changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result of mutations that produce natural selection and genomic variation. Some scientists, such as the great Charles Darwin, advocated this view of evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way in which the higher living forms could have evolved. To be 에볼루션게이밍 to be called a theory, it must be able to stand up to rigorous testing and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time and has been backed by many scientific disciplines, from biology to geology, the sciences of astronomy to chemistry. Evolution is a fundamental concept in science and is backed by a majority of scientists across the globe. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, particularly the relationship it has with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is the scientific explanation of how living things change over time. It is based on a range of well-established and observable facts: that more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive in the long run; that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that distinct traits have different rates of survival and reproduction and reproduction; and that these traits can be passed on to future generations. These findings are backed by a growing amount of evidence derived from molecular biology, palaeontology and climatology functional morphology geology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for the reason that organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. It is the most widely accepted and validated theory in science. Its predictions were confirmed by the fact that for instance, more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. The more successful an organism gets in terms of surviving and reproducing the more likely it is to transfer its genes to the next generation. Some people are against evolution based on the belief that it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious such as the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and can even be enhanced by it. Many highly qualified evolutionary biologists have been involved in the development and testing the theory of evolution, which includes several highly respected evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding of a broad range of phenomena, including genomics and phylogenetics and also the formation and function of fossils. The word “theory” is sometimes used in a wrong sense to mean a guess or speculation however it actually is a scientific hypothesis that has been systematically evaluated and refined over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating the experiments or observations that have led to them. Thus, the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly proven, as have the corresponding theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual change over time in the proportion of genetically distinct individuals within a certain species. This change is a result of natural selection of those who are better adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adapted have higher chances of reproducing and survival. As more people survive and reproduce their genes are more common in the population. This process is sometimes described as “survival of the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution the causes of mutations that result in genomic variation are what drives evolutionary change. These mutations may occur at random or be influenced by the environment. When mutations occur at random and the frequencies of alleles may vary from generation to generation. If a mutation is beneficial, it will increase the allele frequency, causing the allele to spread throughout the population. As time passes, these changes in the frequencies of alleles can lead to the formation of new species. The new species may continue to evolve and become newer forms. This is known as macroevolution. The creation of a new species is usually caused by changes in the environment that make certain kinds of resources available or cause new environmental problems. The evolution of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example, is due to the availability of new foods and the necessity to defend themselves against predators. In a larger sense the term “evolution” can be described as any change in the characteristics of living organisms over time. The change could be small, such as the development of a new coloration or large, such as the creation of a new organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally agree on the significance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also agree that the process of evolution happens over a long period of time, usually millions of years. They differ in the importance of various factors that could speed up or slow down the process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these differences scientists believe that evolution has occurred and that evidence for this is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to back his theory of evolution. A portion of this evidence comes from fossils which show the changing characteristics of living organisms over time. Other evidence is found in similarities between living organisms, embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the best method of proving evolution. It shows how species are closely related. Another way to prove it is homologous structures, which have a similar structure in different species, but serve different purposes, such as the wings of bats and birds. Evolution is evident in that various species adapt and evolve to similar environments. For example, arctic-foxes and Ptarmigans sport white seasonal pelts that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolutionary, which suggests that the species had common ancestral ancestors. The vestiges of structures are another source of evidence. These are parts of an organism that may have served some purpose in the distant past. The human appendix for instance is a remnant of an organ that once used to digest food. Natural selection causes these structures to shrink as they cease to be used. Scientists have also collected evidence for evolution through observation and experimenting. The evidence for evolution can be divided into six distinct categories: directly observable changes at a small scale biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomies, the fossil record and genetics. Each of these provides convincing evidence that evolution of life has taken place. Many people have misconceptions regarding the theory of evolution. But, it's an actual fact. It is not a theory but a significant collection of evidence founded on decades of observation. No matter what people believe or deny about the theory of evolution, scientists continue to study and discover new information in order to further know the story of life on Earth. This information will allow scientists to better understand how to avoid future catastrophes on the planet, and how to use the resources on our planet. This information will also help us better meet the needs and desires of the people living on this planet.